Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace(ISBN=9780143118862) pmlz pdf mobi 地址 cbz 下载 epub 百度云

　　Though much has been written about Napoleon's doomed invasion

of Russia and the collapse of the French Empire that ensued,

virtually all of it has been from the Western perspective. Now,

taking advantage of never- before-seen documents from the Russian

archives, Dominic Lieven upends much of the conventional wisdom

about the events that formed the backdrop of Tolstoy's masterpiece,

War and Peace. Lieven's riveting narrative sweeps readers

through epic battles, tense diplomatic exchanges on which the fate

of nations hung, and the rise of Russia from near-ruin to Europe's

liberator. Rich in detail, Russia Against Napoleon is a

groundbreaking masterwork.

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

Acknowledgements

A Note on the Text

1 Introduction

2 Russia as a Great Power

3 The Russo-French Alliance

4 Preparing for War

5 The Retreat

6 Borodino and the Fall of Moscow

7 The Home Front in 181 z

8 The Advance from Moscow

9 1813: The Spring Campaign

10 Rebuilding the Army

11 Europe's Fate in the Balance

12 The Battle of Leipzig

13 The Invasion of France

14 The Fall of Napoleon

15 Conclusion

……

Index

　　Dominic Lieven is professor of Russian

history at the London School of Economics. His previous books

include Empire: The Russian Empire and Its Rivals and

Nicholas II: Twilight of the Empire. Three of his direct

ancestors were generals in the Battle of Leipzig.

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俄军的团很大程度上是旧制度的一部分，而非现在的民族主义军队。这不过是再次强调一个事实--是欧洲的旧制度打败了拿破仑。（573）

当拿破仑要求基本断绝俄国对外贸易时，他却正在给法国商人颁发越来越多的对英贸易许可证。给俄国的伤口上撒盐的是，携带此类许可证的法国船只甚至时常试图在俄国境内出售英国货。

亚历山大的确认真考虑过建立一个联邦化的、拥有代议机构的俄国，比起目前的专制帝国，立宪的波兰王国也许会更适应这样的俄国。然而，考虑到俄国的实际状况，可以理解，他放弃了这一想法。很快，俄国君主的两个角——专制沙皇和波兰立宪国王就积累了足够多的矛盾。1830年的波兰起义终结了波兰境内的立宪统治尝试。而俄国军官在1825年发动的所谓“十二月党人运动”相当大程度上也是出于被伤害的俄罗斯民族自尊——波兰人竟得到了俄罗斯精英无法获得的自由。在1815年后的一个世纪里，波兰人对俄罗斯帝国的经济贡献很大。但是就政治层面而言，居住在前华沙大公国领土上的波兰人和犹太人都给俄国政府惹出了许多麻烦。吞并大公国也没有显著增强俄国的战略地位。与之相反，到1900年时它已经可以被视为俄军的潜在陷阱。

费奥多尔·扎特莱尔在1860年做的尖刻评论，认为对后勤的研究是军事史上的最大弱点依然在相当程度上是正确的：

然而到1806年年底为止，叶卡捷琳娜时代战争中的所有伟大领袖均已逝世，米哈伊尔·库图佐夫是剩余人物中的最佳人选。

人们有诸多理由相信，亚历山大总体上是倾向于代议制机构的，俄国的现实却对宪政改革起了强大的抑制作用。..................俄国的任何代议制机构都会被农奴主们所掌控：其它任何团体都无法在财富、教育和地位上与之相提并论。这样的代议制机构难道不会让俄国的现代化与废除农奴制变得更加艰难吗？增强官僚机构而使之能够为保守的社会带来启蒙革新难道不是更有效吗？”

书籍介绍

The first history of the epic defeat of Napoleon's empire told from the Russian perspective.

Though much has been written about Napoleon's doomed invasion of Russia and the collapse of the French Empire that ensued, virtually all of it has been from the Western perspective. Now, taking advantage of never- before-seen documents from the Russian archives, Dominic Lieven upends much of the conventional wisdom about the events that formed the backdrop of Tolstoy's masterpiece, War and Peace . Lieven's riveting narrative sweeps readers through epic battles, tense diplomatic exchanges on which the fate of nations hung, and the rise of Russia from near-ruin to Europe's liberator. Rich in detail, Russia Against Napoleon is a groundbreaking masterwork.